Monday, July 6, 2009

Maths 2: Angle Pairs and Perpendicularity

Definition of Complementary Angles

Two angles are complementary if and only if the sum of their measures is 90.

Definition of Supplementary Angles

Two angles are supplementary if and only if the sum of their measures is 180.

Definition of Linear Pairs

Two angles are linear pairs if and only if they are adjacent angles whose uncommon sides are opposite rays.

Linear Pair Postulate

If two angles form a linear pair then they are supplementary.

Definition of Vertical Angles

Two angles are vertical angles if and only if they are non-adjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines.

Vertical Angle Theorem (VAT)

Vertical angles are always congruent.

Definition of Perpendicular Lines, Line-segments and Rays

Two lines are perpendicular if and only if they intersect to form right angles. Two line-segments or rays are perpendicular if and only if they have a point in common and the lines they determine form right angles.

Definition of Perpendicular Lines to a Plane

A line is perpendicular to a plane at point X if and only if it is perpendicular to every line in the plane that passes through X.

Definition of Perpendicular Planes

Two planes are perpendicular if and only if there is a line lying on one plane which is perpendicular to the other plane.

Theorem

If two lines are perpendicular, then the pairs of adjacent angles they form are congruent.

Corollary

If two lines are perpendicular, then all the four angles formed by the intersection are congruent.

Corollary

If two lines are perpendicular, then all the four angles formed by the intersection are right angles.

Theorem

If two lines intersect to form a pair of congruent adjacent angles then the lines are perpendicular.

Definition of Perpendicular Bisector

A line, ray, line-segment or plane is a perpendicular bisector of a line-segment if and only if the line, ray, line-segment or plane is perpendicular to the segment at its midpoint.

Theorem

If there is any given point on a line in a plane, then there is exactly one line in that plane perpendicular to the given line at the given point.

Corollary

If there is any line-segment in a plane then in that plane there is exactly one line that is a perpendicular bisector of the line-segment.

Theorem

If the exterior sides of two adjacent acute angles are perpendicular, then the angles are complementary.

Theorem

If there is a point not on a line, then there is exactly one line perpendicular to the given line passing through the given point.

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